Covalent functionalization of zinc oxide nanowires for high sensitivity p-nitrophenol detection in biological systems |
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Authors: | Anurag Gupta Bruce C Kim Eugene Edwards Christina Brantley Paul Ruffin |
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Affiliation: | 1. The University of Alabama, 101 Houser Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;2. U.S. Army, RDECOM/AMRDEC, 5400 Fowler Road, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898, USA |
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Abstract: | High-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized using the atmospheric chemical vapor deposition technique and were appropriately characterized. Subsequently, the nanowire surface was covalently grafted with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA) fluorophore, and surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the functionalization of 1-pyrenebutyric acid on the nanowire surface. Additionally, photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to evaluate the optical behavior of pristine nanowires. Through fluorescence quenching of 1-pyrenebutyric acid by p-nitrophenol, a detection limit of 28 ppb was estimated. Based on these findings, ZnO nanowires functionalized with 1-pyrenebutyric acid are envisaged as extremely sensitive platforms for the ultra-trace detection of p-nitrophenol in biological systems. |
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Keywords: | Zinc oxide nanowire Surface functionalization 1-Pyrenebutyric acid Fluorescent sensing |
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