深水气井测试求产阶段管柱内天然气水合物防治方法

深水气井测试求产过程中,预防与控制天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)堵塞对于保障测试安全至关重要。为此,通过分析不同测试条件下的井筒温压场分布,应用水合物生成—沉积及分解计算方法,评价了不同测试制度下全测试过程中管柱内水合物的沉积与堵塞程度的变化;在此基础上,提出了基于水合物防治的深水气井测试求产方法。研究结果表明:(1)深水气井测试过程中井筒内常形成水合物堵塞风险最大的环雾状流型,测试过程中采取防止水合物堵塞措施比防止水合物生成更加合理;(2)常规四点测试方法要求设置流温较低的低产气量测点,但高压、低温的井筒环境容易导致水合物生成、沉积,测试持续时间过长会增加测试管柱的堵塞风险;(3)所提出的适合于深水气井测试的混序测试制度在不改变测试产气量与时长的前提下,通过调整测点顺序形成的井筒温度变化使水合物沉积层分解,降低了测试过程中测试管柱的最大堵塞程度;(4)对于无出砂、无应力敏感、无反凝析且不产水的深水气井推荐使用三点或二点测试法,相对于四点测试法,前者能有效降低测试管柱内的水合物沉积、堵塞风险,同时又能在保证产能方程准确性的前提下缩短测试时间、降低测试成本。结论认为,该研究成果可以为深水气井的现场测试施工提供帮助。

A prevention and control method for natural gas hydrate in pipe strings during deepwater gas well production tests

The prevention and control of natural gas hydrate (hereinafter, "hydrate" for short) blockage during deepwater gas well production tests is very important in ensuring the test safety. In this paper, the distribution of wellbore temperature and pressure field under different test conditions was analyzed, and the changes of hydrate deposition and blockage degree in the pipe string in the whole process of test under different test systems were evaluated using the hydrate generation–deposition–decomposition calculation method. On this basis, a deepwater gas well production test method based on hydrate prevention and control was proposed. And the following research results were obtained. First, in the process of deepwater gas well tests, the vapor–liquid phase of annular-mist flow pattern with the greatest risk of hydrate blockage is often formed in the wellbore. Therefore, it is more reasonable to take measures to prevent hydrate blockage in the process of tests than to prevent the formation of hydrate. Second, when the conventional four-point test method is used, it is required to set low gas production measurement points with lower flowing temperature. In the wellbore with high temperature and low temperature, however, hydrate tends to form and deposit easily, and a long period of test will increase the risk of test string blockage. Third, the mixed-sequence test system suitable for deepwater gas well tests can change wellbore temperature by adjusting the sequence of measuring points without changing the production rate and duration, so as to decompose hydrate sediment layers and reduce the maximum blockage degree of test string in the process of tests. Fourth, a three-point or two-point test method is recommended for deepwater gas wells without sand production, stress sensitivity, retrograde condensation and water production. Superior to the conventional four-point test method, three-point and two-point test methods can effectively reduce the risk of hydrate deposition and blockage in the test string, and it can shorten the test time and reduce the test cost on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the productivity equation. In conclusion, the research results are of help to the field test construction of deepwater gas wells.