压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术的发展与展望

为了打破压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术的瓶颈、进一步提升压裂设备的工作性能、实现油气增产,从压裂泵柱塞密封系统的实际工况和密封机理出发,概述了压裂泵柱塞密封副失效的研究现状,梳理和总结了现有的压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术;在此基础上,结合摩擦学和材料学等相关领域的最新研究成果,对我国压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术未来的发展提出了建议和展望。研究结果表明:(1)表面织构技术已被证实能显著降低柱塞密封副的摩擦磨损,应积极设计和开展压裂泵实际工况下的全尺寸织构化柱塞密封系统试验,以推动表面织构化柱塞的应用进程;(2)针对橡胶密封件的性能短板以及压裂泵柱塞密封系统的工作要求,亟需采用材料改性技术来进一步增强密封橡胶的综合性能;(3)表面织构技术、表面涂层技术、材料改性技术在减摩抗磨等方面的协同效应决定了将其复合成压裂泵柱塞密封副优化新技术的可行性和必要性,未来应着手解决复合技术在压裂泵工况下的实际应用问题。结论认为,我国油气资源的勘探开发现状对压裂设备的工作性能提出了更高的要求,压裂泵柱塞密封副的优化必须结合自身实际,对多学科领域的相关理论和方法进行借鉴、消化、吸收与再创新,进而形成一套符合我国实际的压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术。

Optimization technology for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps: Development and prospect

In order to break the bottleneck of the optimization technology for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps, further improve the working performance of fracturing equipment and realize the increase of oil and gas production, we reviewed the research status on the failure of the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps and summarized the existing optimization technologies for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps based on the actual working conditions and sealing mechanisms of fracturing pump plunger sealing system. On this basis, combined with the latest research achievements in the related fields (such as tribology and materials science), some suggestions and prospects on the future development of the optimization technology for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps in China were proposed. And the following research results were obtained. First, it has been proved that the surface texture technology can significantly reduce the friction and wear of plunger seal pair, and it is suggested to actively design and perform the full-size textured plunger sealing system test under the actual working condition of fracturing pumps so as to promote the application process of surface textured plunger. Second, in view of the short plank in the performance of rubber seal and the working requirements of fracturing pump plunger sealing system, it is in an urgent need to adopt the material modification technology to further enhance the comprehensive performance of sealing rubber. Third, the synergistic effect of surface texture technology, surface coating technology and material modification technology in anti-friction and anti-wear determines the feasibility and necessity of combining them into a new optimization technology for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps. And in the future, the practical application of this composite technology under the working conditions of fracturing pump shall be solved as soon as possible. It is concluded that the exploration and development status of oil and gas resources in China puts forward higher requirements for the working performance of fracturing equipment, and the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps shall be optimized based on its own reality by learning from, digesting, absorbing and re-innovating the relevant theories and methods in the multi-disciplinary field, so as to form a new optimization technology for the plunger seal pair in fracturing pumps, which is in line with the actual situations in China.