杆式穿甲弹侵彻靶板时弹坑表面熔化快凝层研究

钨合金杆式穿甲弹高速侵彻装甲靶板时，在弹孔表面会产生很薄的“熔化快凝层”。为了进一步研究熔化快凝层的形貌特征和形成机理，对小口径钨合金杆式穿甲弹垂直侵彻30CrMnMo装甲钢板产生的弹坑表面，进行了扫描电镜观察及能谱分析，并利用LS-DYNA对弹、靶作用区的温度场进行数值模拟。结果表明：熔化快凝层的成分包含弹芯材料W、Ni、Fe和靶板材料Fe、Cr、Mn. 其中钨在熔化快凝层中以两种晶粒形式存在，较大的呈扁状细长形，长度为几个到几十 个微米；较小的呈球状弥散分布在基体内，直径为100~400 nm. 还发现杆式弹芯头部的质量消耗是以“溶解破碎”形式发生。对“熔化快凝层”的研究可为深入分析钨合金杆式弹穿甲机理提供依据。

Research on Melted and Rapidly Solidified Layer on the Surface of Crater Penetrated by Long Tungsten Rod

A thin surface layer, called melted and rapidly solidified layer, is formed when tungsten long rod penetrates into armor at high velocity. When the 30CrMnMo target is shot by a small caliber long rod armor piercing projectile at 0°angle, a crater is formed on the target. In order to investigate the morphology characteristics and forming mechanism of MRSL, the surface of the crater is observed by scanning electron microscopy and analyzed by energy spectrum. LS-DYNA is used to simulate the temperature field of the interaction area between penetrator and target. It is shown that MRSL consists of W, Ni and Fe elements, which are contained in long rod material, and Fe, Cr and Mn elements, which are contained in target material. In MRSL, tungsten grains have two kinds of size: the big one is of long and flat shape, and its length is in the range from several micrometers to dozens of micrometers; the small one is dispersed in matrix with 100~400 nm in diameter. The mass consumption of long rod head is happened in the form of “melted and broken”.