Gas sensitive vapor grown carbon nanofiber/polystyrene sensors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Materials Science Institute, PCFM Laboratory, Zhongshan University, 135 Xin Gang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry, Box 9573, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;1. Ministry Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;2. Petrochemical Research Institute, Karamay Petrochemical Company, Karamay 834700, China;1. Modeling Lab for Nanostructure and Catalysis, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANOMATES, University of Salerno, 84084, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;2. ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;3. STMicroelectronics, Via Remo de Feo, 1, 80022 Arzano, Naples, Italy;4. IMAST Scarl, Piazza Bovio 22, 80133 Naples, Italy;1. College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Ximinzhu Street, Changchun, 130061, China;2. State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China;1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China;2. Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China;3. College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China;4. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China;1. Department of Physics and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561–756, Korea;2. Thin Films Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305–600, Korea |
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| Abstract: | A new class of conductive composites with good gas sensitivity was fabricated by filling polystyrene with vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF). A solution mixing/solvent removal procedure was used. VGCNFs form conductive networks at fiber loadings above the percolation limit within the matrix. Greatly improved conductivity is achieved relative to the same volume fraction of carbon black addition when these fibers are distributed to give reasonably uniform dispersions in the matrix. The high aspect ratios of these fibers (～70–250 nm diameters and 5–75 μm lengths) assist in forming low wt.% percolation thresholds (below 1 wt.% fiber). Excellent gas sensitivity with 104–105 times higher than the original resistance value in many saturated organic vapors and a maximum resistance response of about 1.1 × 105 times exposure to saturated THF vapor at 6.25 wt.% of VGCNF in the polystyrene matrix was observed. The maximum resistance response declined from about 2.0 × 105 times at 15 °C to about 3.4 × 104 times at 55 °C. These composites exhibited stable and reusable gas sensitivity to THF vapor. Carbon black/polystyrene composites exhibit a negative vapor coefficient (NVC) upon swelling caused by filler redistribution. In contrast, VGCNF/polystyrene composites are more stable, with much smaller NVC values due to their high aspect ratios and reinforcing effects which stabilize electrical percolation pathways. Thus, VGCNF/organic polymer composites are good gas sensor candidates for detecting organic vapors. |
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