The effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration on soot formation in non-premixed flames |
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| Affiliation: | 1. International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;2. Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;3. School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;4. School of Engineering, Deakin University, Melbourne 3216, Australia;5. School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada\n;2. Black Carbon Metrology, Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada\n;3. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada\n;4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components, School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;3. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada;2. Faculty of Engineering, University of Windsor, 2285 Wyandotte St. W., Windsor, ON N9B 1K3, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The influence of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide as diluents in the oxidizer side on soot formation was studied by Time Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence (TIRE-LII) and TEM photography in non-premixed co-flowing flames. TIRE-LII method was used to measure the distribution of two-dimensional soot volume fraction and primary particle size. The soot was directly sampled by the thermophoretic method, and its diameter was examined by TEM photography. Two suitable delay times of the TIRE-LII method affecting measurable range and sensitivity were determined by comparing TEM photographs with the TIRE-LII signal. The effects of oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide as diluents in the oxidizer side on soot formation were investigated with these calibrated techniques. An O2+(CO2, N2, and Ar+CO2]) mixtures in co-flow were used to isolate carbon dioxide effects systematically. The primary particle number concentration and soot volume fraction were abruptly decreased by the addition of carbon dioxide to co-flow. This suppression was resulted from the short residence time in inception region because of the late nucleation and the decrease of surface growth distance by the low flame temperature due to the higher thermal capacity and the chemical change of carbon dioxide. The increase of oxygen concentration in the co-flow caused an enhancement of soot nucleation and thus the residence time increase, but the specific growth rate showed almost the same value regardless of the co-flow mixture in the growth region. This result suggests that the specific growth rate has a weak dependence on the relative change of co-flow conditions in non-premixed co-flowing flames. |
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