人工举升技术现状与发展趋势

人工举升是采油工程的关键技术环节,经过几十年的发展,形成了抽油机、螺杆泵、电潜泵、气举等多项举升技术,满足了常规采油的需要,但同时也存在着效率低、能耗高、检泵周期短等系列问题。随着油井举升工况越来越复杂,采油成本不断上升,促使人工举升朝着更加高效、节能、环保、可靠的方向发展。结合不同的油井举升难题,应开展针对性技术研究:攻关同井注采技术,以解决高含水油井无效水循环难题;开发电潜往复柱塞泵等无杆举升技术,以解决油井杆管偏磨、能耗高难题;研发新材料和新工艺,以解决特殊流体举升难题等;研究油井举升优化配套技术,以提高举升工况监测和诊断水平、实现人工举升提效、降低采油成本。

Current technical status and development trend of artificial lift

Artificial lift is a key technical link in oil production engineering. With several decades of development, several lift technologies have been formed, such as pumping unit, progressing cavity pump, electrical submersible pump and gas lift, which have satisfied the requirements for regular oil production. However, a series of problems still exist, such as low efficiency, high energy consumption and short pump detection period. Due to the more and more complex working conditions of artificial lift in oil wells, oil production cost is increasing constantly, thus promoting the development of artificial lift towards the directions of higher efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection and reliability. Facing various difficulties in artificial lift for different oil wells, corresponding technical researches should be carried out, i.e., injection and production in the same well should be achieved to avoid invalid water cycle in high-water-cut oil wells; rodless lift technologies like electric submersible reciprocating plunger pump should be developed to solve eccentric wear and high energy consumption problems for well rods and tubes; new materials and technologies should be developed to solve difficulties in lifting special fluids; assorted techniques for optimization of lift technologies should be investigated to improve the monitoring and diagnose level of lift working conditions, thus enhancing the efficiency of artificial lift and cutting down oil production cost.