基于国家公园体制建设背景的保护地管理研究——以泰山地域为例

基于中国国家公园体制建设背景,分析了美国国家公园的分类方式和管理特点。结合国家公园概念和建立目的,提出中国国家公园体制建设对于试点区以外的保护地同样具有借鉴价值。提出中国目前批准建立的10个试点区具有侧重自然生态保护、突破行政区划限制、主要管理目的由营利转为保护的特点。以泰山地域保护现状为例,提出管理上存在的问题:体制上多头管理、区域重叠、用地权属不一;文化遗产保护范围不完整;特许经营项目破坏生态、过度依赖门票收入。鉴于国家公园体制建设目的,提出泰山地域的管理优化建议:明确管理机构权责,保障管理措施落地;调整保护范围,加强地域文化保护;优化管理运营方式,实现保护地建立目的;融入非政府力量管理,保障保护地公有、公管和公正属性。

Research on the Management of Protected Area in the Context of the Establishment of National Park System in China: Taking Mount Tai Region as an Example

Based on the construction of the national park system in China, this paper analyzes the classification and management characteristics of national parks in the United States. Combining the concept and purpose of national parks, the construction of national park system is also of reference value for other protected areas. The 10 pilot areas approved by China have the following characteristics: focusing on natural ecological protection, breaking through administrative divisions, and turning the main management purposes from profit to protection. The problems in management include: the management of the system, the overlap of the region and the different ownership of the land rights, the protection of the scope relative to the cultural heritage is incomplete, the management undermines the ecological environment and overdependence on the income of tickets. In view of the purpose of the construction of the national park system, the suggestions for the optimization of the management of Mount Tai region are put forward: making clear the management measures for the management of authority and responsibility, adjusting the scope of protection and strengthening the protection of regional culture, optimizing management operation mode to realize the purpose of setting up protection land, integrating the management of non-governmental forces and ensuring the public ownership, public management, and fair properties of the protected areas.