学术转型视角下传统佛寺园林国内研究进展

佛寺园林是风景园林学科的重要研究方向。20世纪以来传统佛寺园林研究适逢当时学术转型及其史学流变思潮,相关态势与其时学科分化及研究方法之转变并行不悖,值得以此为切入点研究发展脉络。从20世纪初至今的时间分期入手梳理佛寺园林相关研究成果,总结发现:70年代末以前寺园研究成果数量较少,尚有佛教园林研究专门化倾向,主要领域集中于建筑史学和造园学;70年代末至今的佛寺园林研究主要呈现佛道一体的园林叙述语境,但仍有学者以佛教为叙述逻辑进行园林研究且数量逐渐增多,该阶段研究内容与方法更为多元,为未来宗教主导下的寺园专门化研究指明了方向。意欲从学术与史学流变角度寻找佛寺园林的研究脉络、发展路径与热点方向,对寺园研究成果、经验进行一定的评析与体认,以期理清研究思路,不足之处请诸学者指正。

The Progress of Traditional Buddhist Temple Landscape Studies in China from the Perspective of Academic Transformation

Landscape of Buddhist temples is an important research direction of landscape architecture. Since the 20th century, traditional research of Buddhist temple landscape has been experiencing academic transformation and historical evolution, and the relevant situation has been consistent with the discipline differentiation and changes in research methods, which presents a valuable perspective for the development research. This paper thus divides the time period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present time into several parts and sorts out the related research achievements of Buddhist temple landscape, and reaches the following conclusions. Before the end of the 1970s, there was few temple landscape research, and the tendency to specialize in the research of Buddhist temple landscape just emerged, and such research mainly focused on architectural history and landscape architecture. From the 1980s to the present, there has been an increase in the number of Buddhist temple landscape studies. Although such studies mainly present a landscape narrative context of Buddhism and Taoism, there are still scholars who conduct landscape research with the narrative logic of Buddhism. In addition, the research content and methods at this stage are more diverse, providing clear guidance for future religion-oriented and specialized research in temple landscape. This paper intends to discern the research history, development, and trends of Buddhist temple landscape from an academic perspective of historical evolution. For the research achievements and experiences of temple landscape, this paper also provides some understanding, analysis, and evaluation in order to clarify the research ideas. Any suggestions for correcting the inadequacies in this paper would be highly appreciated.