卷烟烟气小动物口鼻暴露方法的建立及评价

  背景和目的  国际经济合作与发展组织（OECD）测试导则（TG）对化学物质暴露环境参数和浓度稳定性有明确要求，本文的目的是建立符合其要求的卷烟烟气小动物口鼻暴露方法。  方法  在小动物口鼻暴露系统中测定4种卷烟烟气在不同稀释倍数下颗粒物数量浓度和挥发性有机物浓度，以确定符合OECD要求的卷烟烟气稀释倍数等参数。在该参数条件下，对40小鼠口鼻暴露连续2周，用酶联免疫吸附方法（ELISA）检测小鼠肺灌洗液白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平变化，以进一步评估方法的稳定性。  结果  （1）4种卷烟主流烟气颗粒物浓度和总挥发性有机物（TVOC）在大于100倍稀释时，时间和空间变异系数均小于10%，符合OECD的要求，低于100倍则变异较大。（2）IL-10变异系数在6.9%~8.6%之间，TNF-α变异系数在13.4%~17.6%；IL-6变异系数在16.8%~23.2%之间。  结论  所建立的卷烟烟气口鼻暴露方法符合OECD导则要求，生物学效应指标检测结果可靠稳定。 

Establishment and evaluation of method for exposing mouth and nose of small animal to cigarette smoke

A novel cigarette smoke nose-only exposure method for small animal was established and evaluated.Particle number concentration, particle size distribution and total volatile organic compound concentration of four mainstream cigarette smoke aerosols under different dilution ratios were measured in nose-only exposure system.Forty mice were exposed for 14 consecutive days under such parameters condition.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to determine levels of inflammatory markers, such as IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α.Results show that temporal and spatial coefficient of variation for particle number concentration and total volatile organic compounds for mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol diluted more than 100 times were less than 10%.The coefficient of variation for IL-10 in BALF were in the range of 6.9-8.6%, 13.4-17.6% for TNF-αand 16.8-23.3% for IL-6.These experimental results demonstrated that the proposed nose-only cigarette smoke exposure method met well with the OECD test guidelines, and may provide reliable and stable results for experiment.