1,3-二氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯的合成及其硝酯化

以间二氯苯为原料、发烟硫酸和硝酸钾为硝化剂,制备得到标题化合物(DCTNB).以硝酸银为亲核试剂与DCTNB进行亲核取代反应,合成一种新型的含能化合物2,4,6-三硝基苯-1,3-二硝酸酯(TNPDN).同时考察了硝化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件对DCTNB收率的影响.结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为100 mL发烟硫酸、35.5 g硝酸钾、反应温度为160℃、反应时间为4h,收率为75.4％.DCTNB与硝酸银在50℃下反应2h,TNPDN收率可达32.4％.经红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对产物进行结构表征.

Synthesis and Nitrate Esterification of 1,3-Dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

1,3-Dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(DCTNB) was prepared with m-dichlorobenzene as the raw material,and fuming sulfuric acid and potassium nitrate as the nitrating agent.Based on DCTNB,a new energetic compound 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-phenylene dinitrate(TNPDN) was then synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction.The effects of nitrating agent,reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield of DCTNB were investigated and the optimal condition was obtained.The results showed that the better synthesis conditions of DCTNB were as follows:fuming sulfuric acid of 100 mL,and potassium nitrate of 35.5 g,DCTNB got the highest yield of 75.4％,under the reaction temperature of 160 ℃ and the reaction time of 4 h.The TNPDN can be obtained by mixing DCTNB with silver nitrate,and the yield can reach up to 32.4％ at 50 ℃ for 2 h.The structure of product was confirmed by FT-IR,NMR and elemental analysis.