不同荷载作用下岩石的声发射特征

由于岩石破裂过程的尺度无关性质,通过对岩石样品破坏过程中声发射特征的研究可增进对采矿工程岩体失稳过程的认识。基于室内声发射试验及国内外学者在岩石声发射方面的大量科研成果,讨论了各种受力状态对岩石声发射活动性的影响,即单轴加卸载和三轴加卸载等多种荷载条件下的声发射特征,重点分析了岩石破坏前"声发射平静期现象"出现的条件。通过与岩体破裂过程中声发射监测结果中"沉寂区"的对比分析得出,在利用声发射技术监测地下工程岩体结构的稳定性时,必须深入分析岩体的声发射特征和应力状态变化过程,才能准确识别岩体破坏前兆现象,有效地作出对地质灾害的预报。

Acoustic emission characteristics of rocks under different load patterns

Due to the scale-independent property during the rock failure process,understanding of the failure process of mining engineering rock mass can be deepened by the study of acoustic emission experiment.Based on the indoor acoustic emission experiments,this paper summarizes a lot of scientific research achievement of domestic and foreign scholars in rock acoustic emission research,and discusses the effect of various stress states on rock acoustic emission activity,that is the uniaxial loading and unloading test,triaxial loading and unloading test and other tests.The condition for the appearance of "acoustic emission quiet period phenomenon" before rock failure is emphasized.According to the comparative analysis of " quiet period" in acoustic emission monitoring results during the rock failure process,the paper draws a conclusion that when the underground rock mass structural stability is monitored by acoustic emission,the variation process of the rock acoustic emission characteristics and the stress state must be deeply analyzed to accurately identify the precursory phenomena before rock mass failure and make a forecast of geological disasters effectively.