金属矿山爆破微细粉尘云雾除尘机理及试验研究

为降低金属矿山爆破微细粉尘浓度，提出了巷道全断面云雾除尘技术，净化回风流中的粉尘。利用自行设计的雾化实验平台，分析了云雾喷嘴的雾化效果及气压、水压对雾化效果的影响，获得气流量、水流量随气压的变化规律，认为当气压为0.5 MPa，水压为0.2 MPa，水流量为35 L/h，气流量为2.65 m3/h时，云雾雾滴中值粒径D50最小，约6.0 μm。基于云雾喷嘴雾化特性及最佳工况条件，以云雾除尘主机和气水源处置为主体，研发了巷道全断面云雾除尘技术，并在梅山铁矿进行了现场试验。结果表明：爆破落矿后，经云雾除尘装置净化后，回风流中全尘、呼吸尘的降尘效率分别为96.89%、96.04%，表明云雾与粉尘粒径匹配效果好，可有效降低沿风流方向的微细粉尘浓度，提高降尘效率，取得较好经济效益和社会效益。

Study on Dust Removal Mechanism and Test of Cloud Fog in Metal Mine Blasting

In order to reduce the fine dust in metal mine blasting，the technique of cloud dust removal on the whole section of roadway was proposed to purify the dust particles in the return current.By using the self-designed atomization experiment platform of cloud nozzle，the atomization effect of cloud nozzle and the influence of air pressure and water pressure on the atomization effect were studied，and the law of air flow and water flow with air pressure was obtained.When the air pressure is 0.5 MPa，the water pressure is 0.2 MPa，the water flow is 35 L/h，and the air flow is 2.65 m3/h，D50 of fog droplets is about 6.0 μm，which is the smallest particle size.Based on the atomization characteristics of the cloud nozzle and the best working conditions，the full-section cloud dusting technology of roadway was produced with the cloud dusting prototype and gas water source disposal as the main body，and the field test was carried out in Meishan Iron Mine.The study results show that the total and respirable dust efficiency after purification by fog dust removal device is 96.89%，96.04% respectively，which indicate that cloud fog and dust particle size was matching good，which can effectively reduce the fine dust concentration along the wind direction，improve the efficiency of dust and achieve better economic benefits and social benefits.