基于逆向建模技术的金属矿山空区探测与治理研究

金属矿山空区形成因素众多，形状复杂多变，是威胁矿山安全的主要灾害源之一。为合理评估空区现状并提出有效治理措施，首要任务是精确描绘出空区三维形态要素。以三维激光扫描为核心的空区精确探测技术已经比较成熟，可为空区精细化三维建模提供数据基础。传统的正向建模技术建模过程繁琐，效率低下，且对数据质量和人员技术水平要求很高。为了提高空区三维建模效率并降低建模难度，在分析逆向建模技术原理的基础上，总结和分析了金属矿山空区激光点云数据处理及模型重构的技术要点、难点，提出了基于逆向工程的复杂空区三维建模完整工作流程，并将该方法应用于金属矿山典型空区问题分析与加固、爆破等治理方案设计。研究表明：逆向建模方法基于点云信息直接进行曲面重构，进而导出三维实体，避免了正向建模时大量重复的线—面、面—体操作，可实现金属矿山复杂空区的高效率、高精度建模，为空区现状调查、评估、灾害机理分析及治理方案优化提供了技术支撑，具有广阔的应用前景。

Study on the Goaf Detection and Goverance of Metal Mines Based on Reverse Modeling Technique

The goaf in metal mines is one of the main hazards threatening the safety of mines because of many factors and complex shapes. In order to evaluate the present situation of the goaf rationally and put forward effective control measures， the first task is to accurately describe the three-dimensional shape elements of the goaf. Accurate detection technology of goaf based on 3D laser scanning has been mature， which provides data basis for fine 3D modeling of goaf. Traditional forward modeling technology is cumbersome， inefficient and requires high data quality and personnel technical level. In order to improve the efficiency of goaf 3D modeling and reduce the modeling difficulty， the key points and difficulties of laser point cloud data processing and model reconstruction technology in metal mine goaf are summarized and discussed based on the principle of reverse modeling technology， and a complete workflow for 3D modeling of complex goaf based on reverse engineering technology is proposed. Finally， the proposed method is applied to the analysis of typical goaf problems in metal mines and the design of reinforcement， blasting and other treatment schemes.The study results show that reverse modeling method obtains the 3D entity model based on the surface that reconstructed directly from the point cloud information， and avoids a lot of repetitive line-surface and surface-body operations in forward modeling. Besides that， this high-efficiency and high-precision modeling method could provide technical support for the investigation， assessment， disaster mechanism analysis and treatment scheme optimization of goaf in metal mines，has broad application prospects.