十二烷基胺类捕收剂的取代基基因特性对其浮选性能的影响研究

为考察取代基种类和数量对十二烷基胺类阳离子捕收剂浮选性能的影响，通过浮选试验研究了含不同取代基的捕收剂对石英、赤铁矿单矿物的捕收性能，以及对石英/赤铁矿人工混合矿的分选能力。研究结果表明，甲基取代基的引入不利于阳离子捕收剂对石英和赤铁矿的捕收，随着甲基取代基数量的增加，石英和赤铁矿的浮选回收率均逐渐降低，但赤铁矿回收率降低速率更快；甲基的引入，有助于提升阳离子捕收剂的浮选选择性；随着取代基数量的增加，人工混合矿的分选效率逐渐增大。向阳离子捕收剂分子结构中引入含羟基（-OH）或胺基（-NH2）的官能团有利于其对石英的捕收，但引入含胺基的取代基以后，赤铁矿回收率也相应提高；向十二胺极性基中引入含羟基或胺基的取代基，能够提高人工混合矿分选效率，但引入含胺基的取代基后，人工混合矿分选效率增加效果不如引入含羟基取代基时明显。对试验捕收剂分子进行量子化学计算表明：随着引入甲基数量的增加，捕收剂极性基团的横截面尺寸增加，增大了药剂与矿物表面作用的空间位阻，导致药剂的捕收能力减弱，选择性增强；含胺基取代基的引入，可以增加极性基团的总电荷量，捕收剂与矿物表面的静电引力增强；引入含羟基的取代基后，能够在增强药剂与矿物表面氢键吸附作用的同时，增加药剂极性基横截面尺寸，从而在提高药剂捕收能力的同时提高了浮选选择性。在后续研究中，结合有机化学的相关知识来提取取代基的相关参数，以定量这种影响规律，从而明确取代基参数与阳离子捕收剂浮选性能之间的基因特性，可为构建一种基于取代基效应的阳离子捕收剂设计方法奠定基础。

Influence of Substituents Genetic Characteristics on Flotation Performance of Dodecyl Amine Cationic Collectors

In order to investigate the effect of substituent number and type on flotation performances of cationic collector，a series of C12 alkyl amines were selected to conduct flotation separation of quartz and hematite. Collecting abilities of cationic collectors was investigated by single mineral flotation. And also，their effect on selectivity of cationic collectors was studied by flotation separation of artificially mixed quartz and hematite. Flotation results indicated that，collecting abilities of cationic collector were decreased with methyl group introduction. Flotation recoveries of hematite and quartz were reduced with the increasing of methyl number. However，flotation selectivity of cationic collector could be increased due to sharply re duce of hematite flotation recovery. And separation efficiency for artificially mixed quartz and hematite was increased gradually. Introduce of hydroxyl and amino group can enhance the flotation of quartz and separation efficiency for artificially mixed minerals. Nevertheless，the increase for separation efficiency was not too obviously for flotation recovery of hematite was also enhanced with amino group introduction. Quantum chemistry calculation results indicated that，cross sectional area of polar group for cationic collectors was enhanced with methyl group introduction to enlarge the steric hindrance between cationic col? lectors and mineral surface. This results in the decrease of collecting abilities and increase of separation selectivity of cationic collector. Introduce of amino group can increase the total charge of polar group to strengthen the electrostatic attraction between cationic collector and mineral surface. And the hydrogen bond attraction between cationic collector and mineral surface was strengthened with the increase of sectional area of polar group for introduce of hydroxyl group. This results in the increase of collecting ability and flotation selectivity of cationic collectors. In future，getting and quantifying correlation parameters of these substituents，and then explicating the relationship between substituent parameters and flotation performance of cationic collectors would be benefit to establish a new design method for cationic collector.