地下矿山两相邻矿体开采扰动关系与协同步距分析

对于金属矿床地下开采的两相邻矿体，从根本上弄清两相邻矿体之间的开采扰动关系与回采步距，对于实现矿产资源优化开采与地压安全管理具有重要意义。以往研究主要关注于开采顺序对围岩应力分布状态产生的影响，未从理论上对两相邻矿体间的扰动关系进行详细分析。基于协同开采理念，分析了不同倾角和不同矿层间距条件下两相邻矿体的开采扰动关系，给出了相应的协同步距计算公式，并结合山东会宝岭铁矿两急倾斜相邻矿体和云南斗南锰矿两缓倾斜相邻矿体开展了工程案例分析。研究表明：①水平-缓倾斜两相邻矿体仅存在下层矿体回采对上层矿体扰动关系1种类型，倾斜-急倾斜两相邻矿体存在无扰动关系、单一矿体扰动关系和两矿体相互扰动关系3种类型；②相应的协同步距计算公式由开采方式与矿体相关参数综合决定；③会宝岭铁矿的两急倾斜相邻矿体宜同步回采，云南斗南锰矿两缓倾斜相邻矿体的V8矿层应超前V7a矿层2个矿块回采。研究成果可为地下矿山两相邻矿体安全、高效、绿色、协同开采提供参考。

Theoretical Model for Integrity,Safety and Efficiency Mining of Metallic-and-Nonmetallic Deposits

Mining of metallic-and-nonmetallic deposits has the characteristics of complex geological conditions,multi-factor influence,long time of disaster breeding and ignorance of hazards.In order to eliminate mining geological hazards andrealize the safe and efficient mining of mineral resources,it is necessary to study the complete safe and efficient mining mod-el.In this paper,the mining safety status of metallic-and-nonmetallic deposits in recent years is analyzed firstly,and the rela-tive intrinsic safety techniques are summarized.Then,based on mining tri-law and hazard source control utilization technolo-gy,the construction and optimization of integrated safe and efficient mining methods are proposed.According to the wholemining process of metallic-and-nonmetallic deposits,including geological exploration,mining design,infrastructure con-struction,production and pit closure,the paper analyzes the disaster-causing process in each stage and determines the pre-vention and control measures. Finally,on account of the adaption between mining technology and mining tri-law and hazardssource transformation,the theoretical model for integrity,safety and efficiency mining is constructed.The model not only helpfor restraining the occurrence of major mining disasters,but also maximizing the mining benefits of the deposits.