轨道交通高端轴类零件用材料对比

通过对轨道交通高端轴类产品车轴用35CrMoA、EA4T、EA1N、DZ2、30CrNiMoV12钢等材质,和转轴用35CrMo、40CrNi2MoA、34CrNiMo6、30CrNiMo8钢等材质热处理后的组织性能对比,对轴类零件用材料进行了优选。车轴材料对比试验结果表明,经过热处理后30CrNiMoV12钢的强韧性远高于其他材质,冲击韧性、缺口敏感性、疲劳强度是车轴材料中综合性能最优的一种,可用于受结构尺寸限制的高强度车轴或高寒条件下使用的车轴。DZ2材料次之,EA4T钢性能接近于DZ2钢,但低温冲击性能不如DZ2钢稳定。EA1N钢整体的强度只有30CrNiMoV12钢的一半。转轴材料对比试验结果表明,经过热处理后40CrNi2MoA、34CrNiMo6、30CrNiMo8钢的强韧性较好,低温冲击性能良好且稳定,30CrNiMo8钢耐疲劳强度更好,缺口敏感性更低,适用于高强度转轴和高寒条件下应用的车轴。相比之下35CrMo钢强度略低,低温冲击性能较好,略低于其他材料且稳定性有待提高。

Comparison of materials for high-end shaft parts of rail transit

Through the comparison of microstructure and properties of the high-end axle parts materials (35CrMoA, EA4T, EA1N, DZ2, 30CrNiMoV12, etc.), and the high-end shaft parts materials (35CrMo, 40CrNi2MoA, 34CrNiMo6, 30CrNiMo8, etc.) for rail transit after heat treatment, the materials for shaft parts were optimized. The comparison test results of axle parts show that, the strength and toughness of 30CrNiMoV12 steel after heat treatment is much higher than other materials, and its impact toughness, notch sensitivity and fatigue strength are the best in axle parts materials. It is the best choice for the axle parts with high-strength and structural size limitations, or under the conditions of frigid zone. The DZ2 material can be the secondary choice. The EA4T steel performance is close to DZ2 steel, but its low temperature impact toughness is not as stable as DZ2 steel. The overall strength of EA1N steel is only half of the 30CrNiMoV12 steel. The comparison test results of shaft parts show that, after heat treatment, 40CrNi2MoA, 34CrNiMo6, 30CrNiMo8 steels have good toughness, good low temperature impact toughness and stability, 30CrNiMo8 steel has better fatigue strength and lower notch sensitivity, suitable for high strength shaft and application under the conditions of frigid zone. In contrast, the strength of 35CrMo steel is slightly lower, its low temperature impact toughness is better, slightly lower than other materials and its stability needs to be improved.