金属矿山充填体与围岩体相互作用研究综述

尾矿库失稳和采空区地表沉陷是采矿生产过程的主要伴生灾害,充填采矿法的运用可同时解决上述难题。充填体以自流、泵送或混合输送至地下采场可确保采场围岩体稳定性。其中,充填体如何与围岩体相互作用以维持围岩体的稳定性,是实现充填采矿安全开采的核心问题。从充填体充入采场后受采场条件的影响其自身发生的硬化机理和如何维持围岩稳定性两方面入手,重点论述了当前在充填体与围岩体相互作用关系方面国内外研究现状及其产生的机理,分析了充填体作为自立型人工矿柱、充填体与矿柱组合系统对围岩体的承载能力特性,并对未来重点研究方向进行了总结和展望。研究表明:研究充填体充入采场后与围岩体的相互作用过程,需充分理解充填体充入采场后所体现出的多场环境影响下的材料力学行为;分析充填体的稳定性及其功能,需要探究其力学性质的多元信息表征方法,这是实现对充填体失稳灾害可靠性预警的前提和基础;充填体充入采场后可对围岩体产生局部和区域支护作用,充填体与围岩体的相互作用关系可间接通过充填体的应力分布特征、变形特征反演围岩体的活动信息,充填体可有效控制围岩体的冒顶片帮及其岩爆灾害;通过监测充填体内部应力等信息,实现对岩体活动信息的反演和预测是未来需要研究的重点,地下采场动力扰动特性对充填体内部应力演化的影响、充填体与矿柱组合系统的稳定性和承载特性需要进一步研究,最终实现对深地充填开采方案的改进和优化,为深地矿产资源安全高效开采保驾护航。

Interaction between Backfill and Rock during Metal Mining:A Review

The instability of tailing dam and the surface subsidence of goaf are the associated disasters of mining activities. Application of backfill mining method can solve the above problems simultaneously. The prepared backfill materials are transported into the underground stope by gravity flow,pumping or mixing to realize the stability of the surrounding rock mass. Among them,how the backfill interacts with the rock to maintain stability of rock mass and achieve safe mining is the core problem. This paper mainly discusses the progress of current research status from domestic and abroad related two aspects existing in backfilled stopes,i.e.,the hardening mechanism of backfill in backfilled stope and the interaction with surrounding rock mass. The bearing capacity of backfill to surrounding rock mass as a combination system of self-supporting artificial pillar is analyzed,besides that,the key directions in the future is also summarized and discussed. The results show that:when analyzing the mechanism of the interaction between backfill and rock mass,it is necessary to understand the mechanical behavior of materials under the influence of multi-field environment;the analysis of the stability of backfill and its function need to explore the multi-information characterization method of its mechanical properties,which is the premise and foundation of realizing the reliability early warning of backfill instability disaster;after filling stope,the filling body can produce local and regional support to the surrounding rock mass,the interaction between backfill and surrounding rock mass can invert the activity information of surrounding rock mass indirectly through the stress distribution characteristics and deformation characteristics of backfill,and it can effectively control the roof collapse and rockburst of surrounding rock mass;based on the monitoring of backfill internal stress and other information,the inversion and prediction of rock mass activity information is the focus of future study;it is necessary to further study the influence of the dynamic disturbance characteristics of underground stope on the internal stress evolution of backfill,the stability and bearing characteristics of backfill and pillar combination system. Finally,the improvement and optimization of deep backfill mining scheme can be realized,which will protect the safe and efficient mining of deep mineral resources.