冲击波作用下巷道破坏规律相似模拟研究

利用爆炸加载的方式，采用相似材料模拟试验方法，借助数字散斑观测手段(DSCM)，研究不同炮孔位置和装药量条件下巷道变形破坏规律。试验结果表明，微量炸药引爆后，冲击应力波以巷道方向传递为主，巷道顶板附近形成裂纹、破碎或坍塌区；当装药量足够大时，冲击波对上部岩体破坏力明显增大，冲击能是影响巷道破坏程度的主要因素。试验结果还表明，高速冲击载荷作用下巷道围岩体破坏过程可分为拉剪裂缝、重复拉剪破碎和破坏三个阶段。其中，当炮孔距离巷道为450mm，装药量为6.0g时，巷道顶板附近出现裂缝，属于拉剪裂缝阶段；当炮孔距离巷道为300mm，装药量为6.0g时，巷道顶板附近裂缝较为发育，且巷道顶层出现部分塌落，属于重复拉剪破坏阶段；当炮孔距离巷道为200mm，装药量为8.0g时，巷道顶板出现塌落，且四周破坏，属于破坏阶段。研究结果为冲击地压巷道破坏预测和防治提供了有力参考。

Similarity-simulation Study on the failure law of roadway at shock wave

Using explosive loading, adopting equivalent material simulation test methods, having the aid of digital speckle correlation method(DSCM), the failure law of rock burst roadway is studied under the condition of the different positions of blast holes and explosive loads. Test results show that impact stress wave is mainly in roadway direction and crack, broken or collapsing area are taken place nearby the roof after the explosion. As the explosive loads increasing, the destructive power also amplified, especially for upper rock mass. So the impact energy is the main factors of roadway destruction. It also show that the failure process of rock burst roadway can be divided into three stages of tenso-shear crack, repeat tenso-shear breakage and damage. Among them, when the distance between blast hole and roadway is 450mm, explosive charge is 6.0g, cracks are taken place nearby the roof of roadway, it belongs to the stage of tenso-shear crack. As the distance is 300mm, explosive charge is 6.0g, the crack at tunnel roof is developing, and also partial separation slumping at the top of roadway, this is the stage of repeat tenso-shear breakage. For the distance is 200mm, explosive charge is 8.0g, the roadway is destroyed after the explosion, it is clearly the stage of damage. The simulation test results provide a powerful prediction and prevention for the safety of rock burst roadway.