Electrical properties of Na1/2Nd1/2TiO3 Ceramics

The polycrystalline sample of Na_1/2Nd_1/2TiO₃ was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The formation of the compound was confirmed by both XRD and EDX studies. Preliminary structural analysis ofNa_1/2Nd_1/2TiO₃ using X-ray diffraction data exhibits a tetragonal phase of the material at room temperature. The dielectric permittivity and the loss tangent of the pellet sample were obtained in a wide frequency range (1 kHz to 1 MHz) at different temperatures (30 °C to 425 °C). The dielectric anomaly at 114 °C, appearance of hysteresis loop and piezoelectric properties at room temperature confirmed the ferroelectric properties of the compound. Measurements of frequency and temperature dependence of impedance over a wide frequency range (100Hz–1MHz) were carried out by complex impedance spectroscopy as a non-destructive tool and indicate that the electrical properties of the material are strongly temperature dependent. Evidence of temperature dependence of electrical relaxation phenomenon as well as the negative temperature coefficient (NTC)-type of resistance behavior of the sample has also been observed. The dc conductivity graph follows the Arrhenius law. Studies of dielectric modulus suggest the non-Debye type of relaxation in the materials, which is supported by the impedance data.