基于安全学原理的大跨浅埋隧道施工风险辨识

为了有效地消除和减少隧道施工过程带来的安全隐患,基于安全系统工程理论对大跨度浅埋深隧道施工风险进行了分析。以某典型大跨度浅埋隧道作为工程背景,运用事故致因理论对该隧道进行风险分析,绘制大跨度浅埋深隧道施工潜在危害鱼刺图。分析结果表明,大跨度浅埋隧道施工过程中存在七项潜在风险,分别为:围岩失稳、塌方、滑坡、超挖、初砌破损漏水、爆破和爆炸事故以及交通运输事故。针对围岩失稳这一风险极高的事故,选取故障树分析法对诱发此类事故的因素进行深入探讨。结果表明,做好地质探测工作、加强支护以及合理的爆破方式可有效避免该类事故。采取相同方法对其余六种风险因素也进行了分析,并提出了合理的对策措施。

Risk Identification of Large-span and Shallow Overburden Tunnel Construction Based on Safety System Engineering

In order to reduce or eliminate hidden trouble for safety in tunnel construction, the theory of safety system engineering was selected to analyze the risk of large-span and shallow overburden tunnel. A typical large-span and shallow overburden tunnel was chosen as a project background. Accident-causing theory was selected to analyze the risk of the tunnel to plot the fishbone chart of potential hazard of large-span and shallow overburden tunnel. The results show that there are 7 factors of potential hazard in process of tunnel construction, including surrounding rock failure, landslide, over break, breakage and leakage for lining, collapse and fire disaster and vehicular traffic accidents, respectively. For surrounding rock failure, the accident with great risk, fault tree analysis was selected to analyze the inducing factors. The results show that the accident can be effectively avoided by geological prediction, reinforced supporting and selection of reasonable blasting method. Reasonable countermeasure and suggestions were put forward by analyzing the other 6 kinds of risks with identical method.