液氨处理前后大麻纤维结构与性能研究

通过对大麻纤维的表观形态、孔径及结晶度测试，分析液氨处理前后大麻纤维的结构变化．测试发现：经液氨处理后，大麻纤维的结晶度下降，无序区增加；纵向表面条痕和裂痕减小或消失，表面变得光滑；纤维孔径分布发生变化，微孔及大孔径数量减少．液氨处理前后麻纤维结构变化导致其性能发生变化．采用直接染料对液氨处理前后的织物进行染色，对比染色结果发现，处理后的织物上染百分率低于未处理织物，大分子染料的上染百分率不及小分子染料；采用活性染料染色时，中温及高温型活性染料的染色性能较好；低温型染料不宜用于大麻纤维染色，经液氨处理后织物的固色率及K／S值有所改善．液氨处理后的大麻织物，吸水性和保水性减弱，具有较好的润湿性、导湿性和散湿干燥性．

Structure and Properties of Hemp Fabrics with Liquid Ammonia Treatment

In order to investigate the influence of structure changes on the performances of the hemp fabics, the structure changes of hemp fibers with liquid ammonia treatment was studied, through the apparent shapes, aperture sizes and crystallinity tests. Test results showed that after liquid ammonia treatment, the crystrallization of hemp fibers decreased, disordered area increased; and the streak and cracks on the longitudinal surface reduced or even disappeared, the surface became smooth; the aperture distribution changed, and the numbe of micro porous and large aperture reduced. When using direct dyes, the dyeing rate of the treated fabrics was lower than that of the unteated fabuics, and the dyeing rate of large molecules was worse than that of the small molecules. When using eactire dyes, the dyeing performance at medium temperature and high temperature was better, while low temperature dye was not fit on hemp fibers; the fixation degrees and K/S values of the hemp fibers were improved after liquid ammonia treatment. After liquid ammonia treatment, the water absorption and retention properties of hemp fabrics became weak, and the wetting, moisture transmis- sion, wet bulk and dry properties were better.