2020年汛期我国主要天气气候特征及成因分析

利用国家气候中心实时和历史气象观测数据,对我国2020年汛期(3月28日至9月8日)气候特点进行了综合分析。分析结果显示,2020年汛期,我国气候特征总体雨多温高、涝重于旱,且气候异常突出、极端事件频发。一是我国多地出现阶段性的暴雨洪涝,覆盖范围广、极端性强、累计降雨量大;二是南方出现了1961年以来持续时间第2长的区域性高温天气过程;三是台风总体不活跃,但阶段性突出,出现了1949年以来首个7月无编号无登陆台风的情况;四是气象干旱总体偏轻。分析还显示,2019年秋季至2020年春季,赤道中东太平洋出现的弱厄尔尼诺事件,以及北印度洋海温的持续偏高导致西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强,是造成我国汛期气候异常的重要原因。

Major weather and climate characteristics of Chinaduring flood season in 2020

Based on the real-time and historical meteorological observation data of the National Climate Center,the climatic characteristics of China's flood season in 2020(March 28th to September 8th)were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that during the flood season of 2020,China's climatic characteristics were generally rainy and warm,waterlogging was more serious than drought,and the climate extreme events occur frequently.Firstly,there were periodic rainstorms and floods in many places in China,with wide coverage and large accumu?lated rainfall.Secondly,there had been a regional high temperature weather process with the second longest dura?tion since 1961 in the south.Thirdly,the typhoon was generally inactive,but the stage was outstanding.In July,there was no numbered typhoon and landing typhoon,which was the first time since 1949.Fourthly,the meteoro?logical drought was generally light.The analysis also shows that the weak El Nino event in the equatorial Middle East Pacific from autumn of 2019 to spring of 2020 and the persistently high SST in the North Indian Ocean lead?ed to the persistently strong subtropical high in the western Pacific Ocean were the important reasons for the cli?mate anomaly in flood season in China.