超临界二氧化碳相转化技术制备组织工程支架研究进展

组织工程支架是组织工程研究的关键要素之一。然而，传统制备方法存在操作条件复杂或有机溶剂残留量高等问题。本文基于超临界二氧化碳相转化技术操作条件温和、可以将相分离与干燥过程合二为一、有效地去除有机溶剂等优点，简要介绍了超临界二氧化碳相转化技术中应用的组织工程支架材料，具体阐述了制备出具有致密无孔结构、孔洞结构以及三维纳米纤维结构的组织工程支架的研究进展。随后对其目前存在的不足，如该项技术缺少系统的理论研究、部分制备出的支架不利于传质、负载生长因子和细胞粘附等问题提出了可能的解决方案。最后对超临界二氧化碳相转化技术制备具有类似细胞外基质结构和功能、孔洞相互贯通、微观粗糙纳米纤维表面的组织工程支架进行了展望。

Research progress of preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds by phase inversion using supercritical carbon dioxide

Tissue engineering scaffold is one of the key factors in tissue engineering research. However，conventional preparation methods suffer various limitations，such as complicated operating conditions or high organic solvent residues. Based on the advantages of phase inversion using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)，such as mild operating conditions，combining phase separation and drying process in one step，and effectively removing organic solvent，this paper presents the materials for tissue engineering scaffolds in the first place，and then reviews the research progress of tissue engineering scaffolds with dense，porous and three-dimension nanofibrous structures by phase inversion using SC-CO2. The possible solutions for the existing drawbacks，such as lack of theoretical research of the processes，and difficulties in mass transfer，loading of growth factors and cell adhesion for resulting scaffolds，are also proposed. Finally，preparation of tissue engineering scaffold with similar structure and function to extracellular matrix，interconnected pores and nanofibers-structured rough surface by phase inversion using SC-CO2 is prospected.