生物质催化热解制备左旋葡萄糖酮的研究进展

左旋葡萄糖酮是一种重要的手性合成子，催化热解生物质制备左旋葡萄糖酮具有经济、环保等特点，是生物质资源开发与利用的又一新平台。本文综述了催化热解生物质制备左旋葡萄糖酮催化剂的研究现状，着重介绍了无机酸、固体酸、固体超强酸、氯化物等催化剂对热解制备左旋葡萄糖酮的影响。阐述了各催化剂的优势与局限性：无机酸催化剂价格低廉、催化效率高，但原料预处理复杂、易腐蚀设备且难以回收；固体酸催化剂腐蚀性较小，易于分离回收，但催化效果较弱；固体超强酸催化效果良好且易于回收利用，但制备过程较为复杂；氯化物催化剂价格便宜、易于获得，但催化效果不佳。开发安全高效、绿色环保、可回收利用的催化剂是今后热解制备左旋葡萄糖酮的研究热点和难点。

Progress in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for levoglucosenone

Levoglucosenone is an important chiral synthon. Catalyzed pyrolysis of biomass for preparing levoglucosenone has the benefit in economy and environmental protection. It is a new platform for the development and utilization of biomass resources. In this article，the present situation of catalyst for levoglucosenone was introduced. The effect of inorganic acid，solid acid，solid super acid，chloride and other catalytic on levoglucosenone and other products was highlighted. The advantages and limitations of catalytic pyrolysis were presented. The inorganic acid catalyst has the advantages of low cost，high catalytic efficiency. However，its pretreatment process is complex，suffers equipment corrosion and is hard for recycling. For solid acid catalyst，it has the advantage of low corrosion，easy recycling，but its catalytic efficiency is low. The catalytic effect of solid super acid is good with simple recovery process except the complicated manufacturing process. Chloride catalyst is cheap and easily available，but the catalytic effect is not good as expected. The hot spot and the difficult spot in this sphere are to develop safe，effective，environment-friendly and recyclable catalysts.