关于致密油气和页岩油气的讨论

在全球范围内，非常规油气勘探开发都正在从幕后步入前台，为了厘清有关概念、明确勘探思路、指导勘探决策，对致密油气和页岩油气等的勘探开发历程和发展前景进行了讨论。结果认为：①目前工业开采中广义的致密储层油气主要包括致密砂岩油气、页岩油气、煤层气，其有效开采依赖于共同的主体技术--水平井和压裂；②美国的非常规油气开发从致密砂岩油气起步向煤层气、页岩气延伸，因气价下跌而促进了页岩油的开采；③近年来页岩气、页岩油成为美国油气产量增速最快的类型，从而使其成为天然气、石油产量增速最快的国家；④据最新资源评价结果测算，页岩油、页岩气分别占世界油、气资源总量的10％、32％；⑤近年世界流行的致密油（ tight liquids）概念，其主体是页岩油，包括天然气液（NGLs，Natural Gas Liquids）和轻质黑油（Light Oil），生产实践表明，目前仅能开发致密储层油中的相对轻质者，因而可称其为轻质致密油（LTO，Light Tight Oil）。

On tight and shale oil & gas

Unconventional oil and gas exploration and development have moved from behind the scenes to the stage all over the world. To get a better understanding and make a proper decision, we made a discussion on the E & P history and prospect of unconventional natural gas resources such as tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas, etc. The following findings were obtained. a. In current industrial mining, tight oil & gas, in a broad sense, mainly includes tight sandstone oil & gas, shale oil & gas and coalbed methane (CBM) with the same core exploiting technologies-horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. b. In the USA, exploitation has been extending from tight sand hydrocarbons to coalbed methane and shale gas. The decrease of natural gas prices justified the rapid development of shale oil exploitation in recent years, which makes the USA the fastest growing producer of natural gas and oil. c. The up to date survey indicates that shale oil and shale gas account for 10% and 32% respectively of the global cumulative assessed hydrocarbon reserves. d. Tight liquids, an outstanding and popular concept worldwide in recent years, are mainly of shale oil including Natural Gas liquids (NGLs) and Light Oil. It suggests that only relatively light oil can be exploited out of tightly reserved oil. Accordingly, it could be named Light Tight Oil or LTO.