基于微磨削方法的微织构刀具制备与切削性能研究

目的研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具切削性能的影响。方法采用微磨削方法在硬质合金刀具前刀面加工出具有不同结构参数的横向、纵向和交叉微织构,通过AL6061切削试验和有限元切削仿真,研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具的切削温度及刀具磨损的影响。结果采用V形金刚石砂轮微磨削方法能够加工出几何形状规则且表面质量良好的表面微织构。与无织构刀具相比,微织构刀具的切削温度明显降低,高温区域明显减少,其中横向织构刀具降温效果最为显著。微织构刀具的切削温度随沟槽间距的增大而升高,沟槽间距为150μm时,切削温度最低。表面微织构能够有效减轻刀具前刀面的粘结磨损,横向织构刀具减摩抗粘效果最好,且采用较小的沟槽间距更利于减轻刀具的粘结磨损。随着切削速度的增加,表面微织构的抗粘结作用更加明显,当切削速度为150 m/min时,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具的切屑粘结面积最小。结论在横向、纵向和交叉织构刀具中,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具切削性能最好,即降温效果、抗粘结性能最为显著。

Fabrication and Cutting Performance of Micro-textured Tools Based on Micro-grinding

The work aims to study the effect of surface micro-texture on cutting performance of cemented carbide cutting tools.Transverse,longitudinal and cross textures with different structural parameters were fabricated on the rake face of cemented carbide cutting tools by the micro-grinding method.The effect of surface micro-texture on cutting temperature and tool wear of cemented carbide cutting tools was studied by cutting experiment of AL6061 and finite element cutting simulation.The results showed that surface micro-texture with regular geometric shape and good surface quality could be fabricated by the micro-grinding method with V-shaped diamond grinding wheel.Compared with non-textured tool,the cutting temperature and high temperature area of micro-textured tool were significantly reduced,and the transverse textured tool had the most significant cooling effect.The cutting temperature of micro-textured tool increased as the groove spacing increased.The cutting temperature was the lowest when the groove spacing was 150μm.The surface micro-texture could reduce the adhesive wear on tool rake face effectively.The transverse textured tool had the best anti-friction and anti-adhesion effect,and smaller groove spacing was more beneficial to reduce the adhesive wear of cutting tools.The anti-adhesion effect of surface micro-texture was more obvious as the cutting speed increased.when the cutting speed was 150 m/min,the chip adhesion area of transverse textured tool with 150μm groove spacing was the smallest.Among the transverse,longitudinal and cross textured tools,the transverse textured tool with 150μm groove spacing has the best cutting performance,which means that the cooling effect and anti-adhesion performance are the most significant.