Low flow regime measurements with an automatic pulse tracer velocimeter (APTV) in heterogeneous aquatic environments |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mining and Nuclear Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Fulton Hall, 310 W. 14th Street, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;2. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;3. Leading Edge Non Destructive Testing Technology (LENDT) Group, Industrial Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607-7022, United States;2. College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Geoinformation Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing of Environment, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland;2. Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, The Section of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland;3. Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland;4. Institute of Civil Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland;5. Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland;1. DICeM, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy;2. Palmer, Scientific and Technological Park of Southern Lazio, Via Carrara 12/A, 04100 Latina, Italy;1. River and Coastal Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Goyang-Si, South Korea;2. HDR|HydroQual, Mahwah, NJ, USA;3. Dept. of Civil and Env. Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, USA;4. Water Resource Research Center, Korea Water Resource Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Cost-effective velocity measurements at lab and field scales are required for understanding and modeling the flow characteristics in aquatic environments such as constructed wetlands, coastal marshes, lakes and reservoirs. This paper presents a new measurement device—the automatic pulse tracer velocimeter (APTV) that is designed to measure water velocities for low flow regimes (0.2–5.0 cm s−1) in heterogeneous aquatic environments using NaCl pulse tracer measurements. Hydraulic data collected in a laboratory-scale flume and field-scale constructed wetland were analyzed to determine velocity, directional flow and dispersion coefficients measured by using a cross-type and arc-type APTV. Acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) were used to collect calibration measurements in a hydraulic flume to gain fundamental understanding in support of field experiments. To test the effects of vegetation, four scenarios of laboratory-scale tests having both submerged and emergent artificial vegetation were conducted in a flume including; (1) no artificial vegetation (NAV), (2) submerged artificial vegetation (SAV) (3) emergent artificial vegetation (EAV), and (4) mix artificial vegetation (MAV). Directional flow detection and simulated storm event flow tests were conducted using an arc-type APTV data in the flume to gain perspectives of APTV performance in variable flow conditions. Cross-type APTV pulse data were eventually analyzed to determine dispersion coefficients based on the tracer curves. Finally APTVs were tested alongside an ADV for a three-day duration in a constructed wetland nearby the Everglades, Florida. Operating advantages of the APTV compared to other similar sensors were summarized in the end to enhance the application potential. Results indicate that APTVs are ideal device for affordable measurements of velocities in a 0.2–4.5 cm s−1 range with the prediction of both velocity field, direction and dispersion coefficients, and capable of autonomous deployment and control in a sensor network. |
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| Keywords: | Acoustic Doppler velocimeter Automatic pulse tracer velocimeter Hydraulic flume Velocimeter Velocity Wetland Dispersion coefficient |
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