Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from samples along the production line in Chinese beef-processing plants

This work investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the antibiotic susceptibility, genetic diversity and virulence genes of isolated strains from four beef slaughter plants in China. A total of 510 samples (feces, hide, carcasses and raw meat) were tested for E. coli O157:H7 using enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and plating on selective media. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in the feces, hide, pre-evisceration carcass, post-evisceration carcass, post-washing carcass, chilled carcass, and raw meat samples was 1.43%, 1.43%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 1.25%, and 0%, respectively. Multiplex PCR assays were used for serotype confirmation and virulence gene detection. stx₂, eaeA and EHEC-hlyA genes were present in all six of the strains, and the stx₁ gene was not present. Fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) was used to determine the genetic diversity of E. coli O157:H7 and revealed a high similarity between the strains isolated from feces and those isolated from carcasses. None of the isolated strains were found to be resistant to sixteen commonly used antimicrobial agents. The results of this study indicate that although E. coli O157:H7 contamination in the Chinese beef industry is sporadic and not as common as reported in other counties, all of the isolates contained three major virulence genes, presenting a high risk of disease for humans. The current research provides baseline information on E. coli O157:H7 prevalence and character profiles in Chinese beef-processing plants that can be used for future studies.