Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in cereal flours commercialised in Turkey |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;2. Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Food Toxicology Lab., Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Faisalabad 38950, Pakistan;4. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Environmental Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Department for Environment and Health Maribor, Grablovičeva 44, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia, Štefanova 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Hygiene and Pathology of Animal Nutrition, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;2. Etablissement Ibn Al-Khatib, Salé Tabriquet, Académie Régionale d''Education et de Formation, Rabat-Salé-Zemour-Zaer, Morocco;3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, BP 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;1. Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College of Graduates, Samanabad, Faisalabad, Pakisthan;2. Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan;3. Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Food Toxicology Lab., Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Faisalabad 38950, Pakistan;5. University Hospital, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Ulm, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we aim to determine co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal flours commercialised in Corum, Turkey. One hundred cereal flours were checked for target fungal metabolites between the years 2011 and 2013. The samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) after immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up procedure. The method was successfully validated in accordance to European Union guidelines acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, trueness and repeatability. All the results are well below the maximum limits specified in the EU legislation. AFs were detected neither wheat flour nor rice flour samples, while 66.7% of maize flours contained AFs with maximum concentration of 1.12 μg kg−1. OTA was present in 26.7% of wheat flour, 41.7% of maize flour and 18.8% of rice flour samples, with mean levels of 0.247, 0.218 and 0.154 μg kg−1, respectively. The co-occurence of AFs and OTA was found in 9 maize flour samples. |
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