Simultaneous determination of mycotoxin in commercial coffee |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine;2. Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU);3. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;4. Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technica 3, Prague 6, Czech Republic;5. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte), San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy;6. Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138657, Japan |
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Abstract: | Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that usually contaminate food products. Coffee is a natural product susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. The present study evaluates the presence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 Toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, enniatin B1, and beauvericin in coffee samples, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that zearalenone was not present in any sample. In the positive samples the contents of fumonisins ranged from 58.62 to 537.45 μg/kg, emerging mycotoxins ranged from 0.10 to 3569.92 μg/kg, aflatoxins ranged from 0.25 to 13.12 μg/kg, and trichothecenes, excepting nivalenol, ranged from 5.70 to 325.68 μg/kg. Nivalenol presented the highest concentrations, from 0.40 to 25.86 mg/kg. Ochratoxin A ranged from 1.56 to 32.40 μg/kg, and five samples exceeded the maximum limit established by the European Commission. |
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Keywords: | Mycotoxins Roasted coffee Torrefacto Instant coffee Mass spectrometry Ochratoxin A (PubChem CID: 442530) Sterigmatocystin (PubChem CID: 5284457) Nivalenol (PubChem CID: 5284433) T-2 toxin (PubChem CID: 40024) Deoxynivalenol (PubChem CID: 5284461) Enniatin B (PubChem CID: 164754) |
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