A COIBar-RFLP strategy for the rapid detection of Engraulis encrasicolus in processed anchovy products |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy;2. Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Zoological Station Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy;1. FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy;2. National Reference Center for Fish, Molluscs and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy;3. Food Quality Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile;4. Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, 8820808, Santiago, Chile;5. Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8820808, Chile;1. FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy;2. Oceana, Gran Vía 59, 9, 28013 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The species identity on anchovy products was tested through COI mitochondrial DNA sequences analysis in 50 samples belonging to 20 different commercial lots, such as anchovy fillets in vegetal oil, canned anchovies and anchovy paste. Seven samples (14%) were found to be not from Engraulis encrasicolus meats, confirming concerns of species substitution. Conventional COI-DNA barcoding revealed the presence of four different species, E. encrasicolus, Engraulis japonicus, Sardinella aurita and Sardina pilchardus, in the processed products labeled as European anchovy. The DNA barcoding was then used in combination with PCR-RFLP method to investigate labeling accuracy in processed anchovy products and to unveil putative fish fraud involving the replacement of the European anchovy, E. encrasicolus, with less valuable Engraulidae and Clupeidae species. We applied a COIBar-RFLP (Cytochrome Oxidase I Barcode-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis that yielded differential patterns allowing the unambiguous discrimination of European anchovy from the other species tested. The proposed molecular strategy relies on the efficiency of COI as a DNA barcode and proved very efficient and less expensive than DNA sequencing strategies. This approach may be useful in routine controls, especially in cases of large-scale sample screening. |
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| Keywords: | DNA barcoding COIBar-RFLP European anchovy Fraud Food traceability |
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