Structural properties of polysaccharide-based microcapsules for soft tissue regeneration

Autologous and eterologous cell encapsulation has been extensively studied for clinical application in functional organs substitution, recombinant cell transplantation in gene therapy or in muscle and cartilage regeneration to treat degenerative pathologies. In this work, calcium alginate, calcium alginate/chitosan, calcium alginate/gelatin and pectin/chitosan microcapsules were prepared to be used as innovative injectable scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration by a simple extrusion method from aqueous solutions. Prepared microcapsules had spherical morphology, whereas their size was deeply influenced by the polymeric composition. When incubated in a physiological-like environment up to 30 days, they underwent an initial swelling, followed by weight loss at different rates, depending on the microcapsules formulation. The encapsulation of mouse myoblast cells (C2C12 cell line) was obtained in calcium alginate, calcium alginate/chitosan, calcium alginate/gelatin microcapsules. Cells were alive throughout the encapsulation procedure, and were recovered by a mechanical rupture of the microcapsules. After 7 days, fractured microcapsules led cells to migrate gradually out.