Huge increase of therapeutic window at a bioactive silver/titania nanocomposite coating surface compared to solution |
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Authors: | Tomislav Hrkac Claudia Röhl Rainer Podschun Vladimir Zaporojtchenko Thomas Strunskus Heike Papavlassopoulos Dieter Garbe-Schönberg Franz Faupel |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Materials Science — Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany;2. Institute for Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany;3. Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 4, 24105 Kiel, Germany;4. Dept. of Geology/ICP-MS Lab, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany |
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Abstract: | A silver containing coating used in the human body, e.g., on an implant should be both effectively antimicrobial and non-cytotoxic to human cells. It is generally believed that the biologic effect originates from silver ions released from the coating. Nanocomposites with well controlled Ag filling factor were prepared by co-sputtering, and the silver surface concentration and the silver release were determined by XPS and ICP-MS, respectively. Here we show that only a small therapeutic window exists for dissolved silver but the therapeutic window is largely increased at the surface. While the toxicity observed for mammalian cells in contact with the bioactive Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite surface and for silver ions in solution is rather similar the antimicrobial activity is drastically enhanced at the surface. A model is proposed to explain the strong increase of the antimicrobial activity at the surface. The present results not only question well-established tests for antimicrobial activity but they are also important for the design of antimicrobial coatings, e.g., for biomedical devices. |
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