Laser surface modification of 316 L stainless steel with bioactive hydroxyapatite |
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| Authors: | Vamsi Krishna Balla Mitun Das Sreyashree Bose G.D. Janaki Ram Indranil Manna |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India;2. Summer Intern & Undergraduate Student, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, India;3. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;4. Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India |
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| Abstract: | Laser-engineered net shaping (LENS?), a commercial additive manufacturing process, was used to modify the surfaces of 316 L stainless steel with bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP). The modified surfaces were characterized in terms of their microstructure, hardness and apatite forming ability. The results showed that with increase in laser energy input from 32 J/mm2 to 59 J/mm2 the thickness of the modified surface increased from 222 ± 12 μm to 355 ± 6 μm, while the average surface hardness decreased marginally from 403 ± 18 HV0.3 to 372 ± 8 HV0.3. Microstructural studies showed that the modified surface consisted of austenite dendrites with HAP and some reaction products primarily occurring in the inter-dendritic regions. Finally, the surface-modified 316 L samples immersed in simulated body fluids showed significantly higher apatite precipitation compared to unmodified 316 L samples. |
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