山区性河道水环境容量及合理配置研究

山区性河道具有单向流的特点,往往跨越多个行政区域。排入河道的污染物随水流稀释、降解后,多余的污染物进入下游河段,导致跨界水污染纠纷事件。河道水环境容量的分析与计算是水环境保护、污染物总量控制、排污权分配的理论依据。本文分析了影响水环境容量的主要因子及常见问题。提出在满足水质目标的前提下,应允许地方政府对排放流量作动态调整,以适应河道流量的变化。提出环境容量是有价值的环境资源,必须合理配置,并可以通过市场手段进行有偿转让。指出了水环境容量配置原则、转让补偿机制、标准等需要进一步研究的问题。

Research on water environment capacity and reasonable configuration for mountainous rivers

Rivers in mountainous areas are usually characterized in singular direction flow and across different administrative districts.Pollutants discharged to a section of the river,diluted,degraded with the flow,and the remaining runs into the lower reaches of the river,which may resulting in scandals of cross boundary water pollution.The analysis and calculation of water environmental capacity is the theoretical basis of water environment protection,pollutant control,allocation of rights and responsibilities of different districts in river harness and water quality control.The paper analyzed the main factors affecting the water environment capacity and frequently encountered problems.Pointed out that the water environment capacity is valuable environmental resources,marketable,and therefore,should be allocated reasonably among the districts in the river basin and waste discharge rates should be allowed to control by the local government according to the variation of discharge rate of the river.Further researches are needed on the allocation rules of water environmental capacity,marketing mechanism and standard.