废塑料化学转化制燃料的催化剂研究进展

在简要介绍和比较热裂解、催化裂解、热裂解-催化改质和催化裂解-催化改质4种废塑料化学转化制燃料基本方法的基础上，综述了近年来国内外在废塑料裂解催化剂和废塑料裂解产物改质催化剂的研究进展，重点讨论了催化剂酸性、比表面积、孔径以及负载金属离子的类型等对废塑料催化裂解和催化改质反应性能的影响，并介绍了聚烯烃（包括聚乙烯和聚丙烯）废塑料和聚苯乙烯废塑料热裂解和催化裂解的反应机理。最后对废塑料化学转化制燃料技术的研究与开发提出了一些建议，指出采用催化裂解-催化改质组合技术是未来废塑料化学转化制燃料过程的发展趋势，其今后的研究重点将是开发具有较强酸性和有利于大分子扩散与传质性能孔道结构的分子筛催化剂。

Recent developments in catalyst for waste plastic to fuels via chemical conversion process

Four types of processes of the waste plastic to fuel，included pyrolysis，catalytic cracking，pyrolysis followed by catalytic upgrading，and catalytic cracking followed by catalytic upgrading，were introduced and compared briefly. Recent advances in catalytic cracking catalysts of waste plastic and catalytic upgrading catalysts of cracking products were reviewed. The effects of catalyst acidity，specific surface area，pore diameter distribution and type of supported metal ions on catalytic cracking and upgrading reactions of waste plastics were analyzed. The thermal and catalytic cracking mechanisms of waste plastics of polyolefins and polystyrene were also described. Advices on research and development of the waste plastic to fuels were proposed. It was pointed out that the combination technology of catalytic cracking followed by catalytic upgrading would be the most promising process of waste plastic to fuel in the future，and its research should focus on the catalysts with the stronger acidity and appropriate porous structure，which could increase the reaction activities and diffusion rate of large molecules.