废润滑油再生工艺的研究进展

近年来石油资源短缺和环保意识增长，废润滑油再生工艺也日益受到各国的关注。本文回顾了国内外废润滑油再生工艺的发展历程，对较典型的传统工艺如蒸馏-白土工艺、蒸馏-硫酸-白土工艺和蒸馏-加氢工艺进行了概述，并分析各类型工艺方法的优缺点。重点探讨了废润滑油再生新工艺如分子蒸馏工艺、溶剂精制工艺和膜处理工艺的优缺点和发展前景。总结国内外学者针对以上新工艺的研究，发现分子蒸馏工艺虽然对废润滑油原料的要求有些苛刻并且设备的前期投入较大，但其具有再生废润滑油效率高、品质好等优点，适合大型工业化；超临界流体与膜耦合技术继承了两种技术的优点，大幅提升了废润滑油再生速度和效果，随着机械强度大、化学稳定性好的无机膜材料和超临界流体萃取工艺的快速发展，该项技术也必将成为废润滑油再生的研究热点。

Research progresses in waste oil regeneration

Waste lubricants regeneration process has become an increasing concern worldwide because of the shortage of petroleum resources and environmental concerns. This paper reviewed the waste lubricants regeneration processes，such as distillation-clay process，distillation-sulfuric acid-clay process and distillation-hydrogenation process，and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages. This paper mainly discussed the characteristic and prospects of the latest technologies，such as molecular distillation process，solvent refining process and membrane treatment process. Molecular distillation process has strict requirements of waste lubricants and relatively high investment cost，but it has good regeneration efficiency quality；therefore，this process is suitable for large-scale industrialization. Supercritical fluid coupled with membrane inherits the advantages of both technologies，significantly improves the rate and performance of waste lubricants regeneration. With rapid development of supercritical fluid extraction process and inorganic membrane materials，this technology will become the hotspot of research in waste lubricants regeneration.