云冈石窟入渗水的形成和运移

在云冈石窟地区,大气降水的入渗不仅是地下水的补给来源,也是洞窟石壁表面水分的来源之一。夏季强降雨和春季融雪是研究区入渗水产生的重要途径。石窟山体包气带厚,入渗水需要经过多层介质才能补给地下水,以石窟围岩中发育的2组优势垂直裂隙为主要运移通道。采用多种方法进行综合分析,估算出降水入渗系数为2.6%～5.4%,平均入渗强度为10～20mm/a。

Infiltration water in Yungang Grottoes and its movement

In the area of Yungang Grottoes,precipitation infiltration is not only the recharge of groundwater,but also one of the sources of water on the rock surface in the grottoes.Summer rainfall and spring thaw are the main processes for significant infiltration.The vadose zone in the rock hill around the grottoes is thick and the infiltration water must penetrate multi-media before becoming recharge of groundwater.Tow sets of vertical joints predominantly developed in the basrock of the grottoes are the main movement routines for infiltration water.An integrated result of analysis with several different methods approximately indicates the infiltration coefficient of precipitation is 2.6% ～ 5.4%,which reflects an average infiltration rate of 10 ～ 20mm / a.