能源补贴的类型、效果和策略

为了扶持尚处于弱势地位的新的能源生产类型和新消费方式,为了帮助承担过重社会责任的企业,有时为了减轻消费者的负担等,往往以国家财政对能源生产、消费进行补贴。恰当的补贴可促进能源生产的创新,引导节能环保的能源消费方式,但过多过长时间的补贴会削弱企业的竞争力。有时为了争抢补贴一哄而上会造成产业畸形发展,使政府和企业陷入被动和困境。对能源消费的多种补贴如长期持续并不断增大,不但不利于节能,还将造成日趋增大的政府赤字,最终影响经济发展和社会稳定。建议能源补贴应向科技研发倾斜、向各类开拓创新的新领域倾斜,对领取补贴的能源生产要以最终商品量考核。补贴量不宜过大、时间不应过长,尽量减少现金补贴、多用减税减负等方法创造更好的经营环境。总之,补贴是一种政府干预市场的行为,应该慎重从事。政府要考虑的不仅是该不该补贴,还要注意补贴的方式、力度、时间以及防止权力寻租和企业骗补等问题。

Types and Effects of Energy Subsidies and Corresponding Tactics

In order to support new types of energy production and new patterns of energy consumption ,which are still in the ＂minor position＂ , and also to help enterprises which are bearing too much social responsibility as well as reduce consumers＇ burden,China usually offers subsidies to energy production and consumption from state revenue.Proper energy subsidies can promote innovations in energy production and guide energy consumption in an environmentally responsible manner.However,excessive and lengthy subsidization will weaken enterprises＇ competitiveness.Sometimes,in order to scramble for subsidies,enterprises hastily launch projects,re- suiting in unhealthy growth of the industry and sending the government and the enterprises into a difficult situation.Various long-term,strengthened subsidies to energy consumption are not good to energy saving and will also lead to an increase in government deficit,in turn impacting economic growth and social stability. This article suggests energy subsidies should skew toward technical research and development and new areas of various innovations and that energy producers enjoying subsidies should be assessed by checking their final amounts of goods.The amounts of subsidies should not be too high and the subsidization should not last too long.Cash subsidies should be reduced if possible and it is best to create a better business environment by offering tax incentives.All in all,subsidization is an interference with the market by the government and should be applied with caution.In addition to the necessity of a subsidy,the government should also consider how,how much and when the subsidy should be given.Power rent-seeking and frauds in obtaining subsidies should also be avoided.