上海市急性腹泻及饮食行为危险因素现况调查

目的 了解上海市急性腹泻现况及饮食行为危险因素.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样,进行横断面入户问卷调查.结果 上海市居民急性腹泻年发生率0.68次/人年.男性0.75次/人年、女性0.62次/人年,0～7岁、8 ～17岁、18 ～33岁、34 ～59岁、≥60岁分别为0.96、0.54、0.71、0.71、0.64次/人年.有24.34％人自诉有可疑食物史、40.03％的人就诊.单因素及Logistic回归多因素分析显示:食用散装熟食者的急性腹泻OR值为1.37、95％CI (1.13～1.67),冷藏食物、饮食偏咸者的急性腹泻OR值分别为0.66、95％ CI(0.49 ～0.88)及0.76、95％CI(0.62～0.94).结论 急性腹泻是上海市社区居民的常见病,男性发生率略高于女性,8岁以后发生率下降、成年以后上升、60岁以后又下降,食用散装熟食可能是急性腹泻的危险因素,冷藏食物、饮食偏咸可能是急性腹泻的保护因素.

A cross-sectional survey on acute diarrhea and risk factors of dietary behavior in Shanghai

Objective To study acute diarrhea status and risk factors of dietary behavior in Shanghai.Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster random household sampling was used in this cross-sectional survey.Results The incidence rate of acute diarrhea among Shanghai residents was 0.68 episodes per person-year.It was 0.75 episodes per person-year for males and 0.62 episodes per person-year for females.It was estimated to be 0.96,0.54,0.71,0.71 and 0.64 episodes per person-year for age groups of 0-7,8-17,18-33,34-59 and ≥60,respectively.24.34% of respondents suspected their illness was due to contaminated food.40.03% of respondents had visited doctor.Single variable and logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio of acute diarrhea were 1.37(95% confidence interval,1.13-1.67),0.66(95% confidence interval,0.49-0.88) and 0.76(95% confidence interval,0.62-0.94) for the respondents who had the behavior of eating delicatessen,keeping food at low temperature and salty taste.Conclusion Acute diarrhea is a common illness among residents in Shanghai.The incidence of acute diarrhea was slightly higher in males.After the age of eight,the incidence declined,but increased again in adult and then declined above 60.The behavior of eating delicatessen was a risk factor for acute diarrhea.The habit of keeping the food at low temperature and salty taste might be the protective factors for acute diarrhea.