The effect of substituents on the adsorption of alkenes on (111) Pt and Pd surfaces: a theoretical study

The coordination modes of ethylene, propene, 1- and 2-butenes, 2-methyl-2-butene, and styrene on a Pt(111) or a Pd(111) surface have been compared on the basis of extended Hückel calculations. The presence of methyl substituents induces a uniform decrease in the binding energies of the alkenes, both on Pt and on Pd. The phenyl group yields the same result on Pt but, on the contrary, gives a stronger adsorption mode on Pd. The interpretation of these results is based on the balance between attractive and repulsive interactions, the role of the latter being predominant. This trend in binding energy is related to the decrease of the hydrogenation reactivity of olefins upon substitutionin the case of a competitive reaction.