磷矿的微生物浸出研究进展

磷矿不仅是一种化工矿物原料，更是一种重要的战略资源。在我国磷矿资源日益短缺和环境污染问题日趋严重的大背景下，科学、合理地利用宝贵的磷矿资源是解决这一问题的有效途径。与传统工艺相比，微生物冶金技术有成本低、能耗低、流程简单和环境友好等特点，在低品位难选冶的矿产资源的开发中有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了目前我国磷矿资源的特点和现有的浸矿微生物种类；接着对比了各个菌种浸矿的特点，发现中等嗜热菌为浸矿效果最好的菌种，二步浸出效果明显优于一步浸出。分析了细菌的浸矿优势、发展历史和研究现状，详细介绍细菌在浸出磷矿过程中的作用机理。指出微生物浸矿存在的问题及改进方法，对微生物选冶技术的发展前景进行了展望。

Research Progress in Bioleaching of Phosphate Rock

Phosphate rock is not only a kind of chemical mineral raw material, but also an important strategic resource. Under the background of shortage of phosphate rock resources and serious environmental pollution in China, scientific and rational utilization of precious phosphate rock resources is an effective way to solve this problem. Compared with the traditional process, the microbial metallurgy technology has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, simple process and environmental friendliness, and has a broad application prospect in the development of low-grade and refractory mineral resources. The characteristics of phosphate mineral resources in China and the kinds of leaching microorganisms are introduced. Then the leaching characteristics of each strains were compared, and it was found that the medium thermophilic strain had the best leaching effect, and the two-step leaching effect was obviously better than that of one-step leaching. The advantages, development history and research status of bacteria leaching were analyzed, and the action mechanism of bacteria in the process of phosphate ore leaching was introduced in detail. The existing problems and improvement methods of bioleaching were pointed out, and the development prospect of bioleaching technology was prospected.