空气冷却器系统铵盐沉积及影响因素研究

采用流程模拟软件HYSYS，运用物料守恒原理建立闪蒸过程模型，得到加氢裂化反应流出物的油-气-水三相平衡体系。利用闪蒸过程模型计算得到原料硫、氮、氯含量，注水量，压力等因素对加氢反应流出物空气冷却器（REAC）系统中NH4Cl、NH4HS沉积温度的影响情况。结果表明：NH4Cl沉积主要发生在REAC系统入口位置，NH4HS沉积主要发生在REAC系统出口位置；NH4Cl的沉积温度受原料氯含量的影响较大，强化原油的脱氯过程、将注水点设置在NH4Cl的沉积位置以前并保持有25%（φ）的液态水是降低NH4Cl沉积风险的有效方法；硫含量及注水量是影响NH4HS沉积温度的主要因素，加强循环氢脱硫并适当提高系统注水量，使NH4HS的沉积温度低于系统的操作温度可有效避免NH4HS沉积。

STUDY ON THE AMMONIUM SALT DEPOSITION IN AIR COOLER SYSTEM AND INFLUENCING FACTOR ANALYSIS

In order to get the oil-gas-water equilibrium system of hydrocracking reaction effluent, a three-phase flash distillation module was established by HYSYS process simulation software combined with mass conservation principle. The impact of sulfur, nitrogen and chlorine contents in feed, amount of water injection and pressure on the deposition temperatures of NH4Cl and NH4HS in air cooler of reaction effluent (REAC) system were analyzed through the flash distillation module calculation. Results showed that the deposition of NH4Cl and NH4HS occurred mainly at the inlet and outlet of REAC system, respectively. The NH4Cl deposition temperature was greatly affected by the chlorine content of feed, thus, strengthening the dechlorination process of crude oil, setting the water injection point above the site of NH4Cl deposition and keeping 25% of liquid water in effluent could effectively reduce the risk of forming NH4Cl deposit. Sulfur content in the system and the amount of water injection were the main causes affecting the deposition temperature of NH4HS, enhancing desulfurization of recycle hydrogen and increase water injection to keep NH4HS deposition temperature below the operation temperature could avoid happening NH4HS deposition significantly.