世纪之交的石油化工技术

回顾了近半个世纪以来石油化工技术的发展情况，包括蒸汽裂解装置扩大规模、降低生产成本、提高产品选择性及收率、降低能耗与延长运转周期，以及聚合工艺及聚合催化剂的发展。指出了石油化工技术发展面临的挑战及机遇，主要原因是人口增长和经济发展对石化产品的数量和质量提出了更高要求．油气资源结构的变化，以及实施可持续发展战略以保护自然资源和生态环境。最后指出，２０世纪已走向成熟的第一代石油化工技术将继续发挥主要作用，并将有所改进和提高。对第二代石油化工技术，如高效廉价乙烯生产技术、绿色技术、减少生产工序与缩短工艺流程的技术、改变原料路线的技术以及天然气化工技术等在２１世纪的发展作了预测。

PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NEXT CENTURY

The development of petrochemical technologies for near half a century were reviewed, including capacity expansion, reduction of production cost, enhancement of product selectivity and yield, reduction of energy consumption and prolongation of running period of the steam cracking unit, together with the development of polymerization technology and polymerization catalyst. Challenges and opportunities confronted by petrochemical technologies development were pointed out. The main causes are increasingly demand for petrochemicals due to population growth and economic development, improvement of product quality, change of petroleum and natural gas structures and execution of the sustainable developing strategy for conservation of natural resource and ecological environment. In final, it was pointed out that the first generation petrochemical technologies, being proven in the 20 century, should continually play a main role and should be improved and enhanced. The development of the second generation petrochemical technologies in 21st century such as cost-effective ethylene production technology, green technology, technologies eliminating production orders and shortening process flow, technologies altering feedstock supply routes as well as technologies of natural gas chemicals etc. were also predicted.