辽宁省主栽品种马铃薯块茎和马铃薯全粉的品质分析

以辽宁省主栽的11个品种马铃薯块茎为原料,采用捣碎制泥工艺生产马铃薯颗粒全粉,测定其原料品质指标(总淀粉、蛋白质、还原糖、脂肪、粗纤维和氨基酸)和颗粒全粉功能性指标(碘蓝值、透光率、冻融稳定性、持水和持油性)。结果表明:11个马铃薯品种的淀粉含量为67.9%~73.4%,其中大西洋、919淀粉含量高,早大白和克23淀粉含量低;蛋白质含量差异较大,其中富金、尤金蛋白质含量高,中5蛋白质含量最低;还原糖含量差异也较大,BQ25和大西洋含量较低,克23还原糖含量较高;脂肪含量差异不大;大西洋粗纤维含量较低,克23粗纤维含量较高。异亮氨基酸、苯丙氨基酸+酪氨酸含量11个品种均高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的“必需氨基酸模式标准”,相对其他氨基酸,33、大西洋、夏波蒂和中5的氨基酸含量较高。11种马铃薯全粉的游离淀粉率差异不大。但是透光率差异很大,919的透光率最大,BQ25和大西洋的透光率较小。富金、克23和33的析水率较高,BQ25和大西洋析水率低。11种马铃薯全粉的持水能力为7.3~8.1 g/mL,持油能力为7.6~8.6 g/mL。

Quality analysis of potato tuber and potato granules of main cultivars in Liaoning province

11 varieties of potato tubers planted in Liaoning province were selected as raw materials, The mud-making process was used to produce the potato granules. The tuber quality indicators(total starch, protein, reducing sugar, fat, crude fiber and amino acids) and granule powder functional indicators(iodine blue value, light transmittance, freeze-thaw stability, water holding and oil holding) were determined in this research. The results showed that the starch content of 11 potato varieties ranged from 67.9% to 73.4%. Among them, Atlantic and 919 had higher starch content, Zaodabai and Kexin 23 had lower starch content. Protein content varied greatly, Fujin and Youjin protein content was higher, while zhongshu No.5 protein content was the lowest. The content of reducing sugar is also quite different. The content of BQ25 and Atlantic is lower, and the content of Kexin 23 is higher. There was no significant difference in fat content.For crude fiber, Atlantic crude fiber content is lower, Kexin 23 crude fiber content is higher. The contents of isobright amino acids, phenylpropionic amino acids and tyrosine in 11 varieties were all higher than those of WHO "essential amino acid model standard". Compared with other amino acids, 33, Atlantic, Shepody and Zhongshu No.5 had more amino acids. There were no significant differences in free starch content among 11 varieties of potato granules. But the light transmittance was quite different. 919 had the highest light transmittance, while BQ25 and the Atlantic had the lowest transmittance. The water evolution rates of Fujin, Kexin 23 and 33 were higher, while those of BQ25 and Atlantic were lower. The water-holding capacity and oil-holding capacity of the 11 varieties of potato granules were 7.3~8.1 g/mL and 7.6~8.6 g/mL respectively. The results can provide scientific basis for the development and application of potato tuber and potato granules in Liaoning Province.