产业链安全视阈的稀土资源开发负外部性反哺机制研究

稀土产业是我国战略性支柱产业，其地位重要性突出，但由于其开发过程中的负外部因素长期存在，严重制约着我国稀土产业链的安全健康发展。现阶段，我国稀土资源开发造成的负外部性主要为生态环境破坏。针对这一负外部性对我国稀土产业链安全产生的威胁，结合反哺理论在其他领域的应用，提出构建我国稀土产业链纵向反哺机制，即稀土产业链上下游企业内部的负外部性共担行为。通过对反哺流程、反哺阶段、反哺方式、负外部性计量和反哺标准等进行探讨，主张重点从资金、技术和人才3个方面建立健全我国稀土矿产资源开发反哺机制。研究认为：政府应当通过政策引导等推进稀土产业链反哺机制的建立而不是起主导作用，稀土上下游企业应当减少对政府治理的依赖性，使影响稀土产业链安全的负外部性内部化解决而不涉及或较少涉及稀土以外的产业，在一定程度上调动稀土上下游关联产业治理生态环境破坏的积极性与能动性，减少稀土产业链负外部性，进而推动我国稀土产业链安全健康发展。

Negative Externality Feedback Mechanism of Rare Earth Resource Development from the Perspective of Industrial Chain Security

As a strategic pillar industry in China，rare earth industry plays an important role.Rare earth has been widely used in new energy，energy conservation，environmental protection，electronic information and other emerging fields，and is known as the treasure house of new materials in the 21st century and the vitamin of modern industry.The prominent negative externalities in China’s rare earth industry has a long history during the development and utilization of rare earth resource.The negative externalities mainly include short and narrow industrial chain，insufficient research and development technology of high value-added products，and ecological and environmental damage caused by resource development，which seriously restricts the safe and healthy development of China’s rare earth industrial chain.This paper focuses on the impact of the negative externality of ecological environment caused by the development of rare earth on the safety of China’s rare earth industry chain，analyzing the security threats in China’s rare earth industry chain，such as uneven development of upstream and downstream enterprises，the existing mining area governance exist hidden dangers.Therefore，putting forward to construct the vertical feedback mechanism of the rare earth industry chain security.That is，the negative external sharing behavior of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain of rare earth.And the feedback process，the feedback stage，the negative externalities measurement and the standard of feedback were discussed.The influence of negative externalities in rare earth industry chain security is solved internalization，so it will not involve or less involve industries other than rare earth.Finally，from the three aspects of capital，technique and talent feedback，the countermeasure and the suggestion of feedback control was put forward，suggest that the government should plays a guiding role through the guidance of policy rather than a leading role in the rare earth industry chain feedback mechanism.And upstream and downstream rare earth enterprises should reduce reliance on the government governance.Solving the internalization of negative externalities affecting the safety of rare earth industry chain and involving little or no factors other than the rare earth industry chain，give play to the role of rare earth coordination between upstream and downstream enterprises feedback.In a certain extent，Feedback mechanism can mobilize the enthusiasm of rare earth associated upstream and downstream industry management of ecological environment destruction and motility.Through the establishment of the vertical feedback mechanism of the rare earth industry chain，a new governance path to offset the positive and negative externalities is sought to provide reference for the safe and healthy development of China’s rare earth industry chain.