城市地下矿山采矿方法的数值与熵权耦合优选

在保证安全生产的前提下，高效开发已成为城市地下矿山资源开发利用的重要模式。安徽省琅琊山铜矿是典型的城市地下矿山，在其开发利用过程中必须避免因开采引起的地面沉陷和建（构）筑物坍塌等危险事故。以矿山采矿方法优化为目标，提出了上向水平分层充填采矿法、二步骤空场嗣后充填采矿法和上向高分层充填采矿法3种方案，建立了3种方案的矿体三维数值计算模型。对琅琊山铜矿-365 m至-245 m中段，采用FLAC^3D软件模拟沿矿体走向布置采场条件下的采场稳定性，并综合采矿技术经济指标实现了3种方案的熵权法优选。研究结果表明：（1）通过对3种采矿方案的12个监测点变形数据进行分析可知，各监测点地表沉降位移和水平位移受矿体分布规律的影响呈U型分布，变形最大值达到25 mm；（2）计算得到的位移倾斜、曲率和水平变形最大值分别为0.099 mm/m、0.17×10^-3 ·m^-1、0.0248 mm/m，满足安全要求；（3）利用计算得到的变形指标和技术经济指标，在熵权法模型中得到了3种不同方案的综合评价指标值，评判结果表明方案三为最优方案。数值模拟与熵权评价的耦合运用可以对客观数据与模糊评价进行融合处理，从而对不同采矿方法进行了科学、合理的综合评判，为城市地下矿山综合评价提出了新思路与新方向。

Numerical and Entropy Coupling Optimization of Mining Methods in Urban Underground Mines

On the premise of ensuring safe production，efficient exploitation has become an important mode of urban mining resources exploitation and utilization.The mining activities in urban underground mines will cause the stress field redistribution and displacement deformation of the upper and lower layers and surrounding rock masses.Langya Mountain copper mine in Anhui Province is a typical urban underground mine， dangerous accidents such as ground subsidence and structure collapse caused by mining must be avoided.Taking mining methods and techniques optimization as a goal，three mining method were put forwarded，which are upward horizontal cut and fill method，two-step open stope afterwards back-filling mining method and upward high stratification filling mining method.MIDAS GTS NX three-dimensional numerical calculation model of ore bodies based on the three mining methods was established.12 surface monitoring were decorated by using FLAC^3D software to simulate the orebody in -365 m to 245 m middle section，Langya Mountain copper mine.Orebodies in different mining methods under the condition of stope mining and surface stability was researched，and the surface tilt，curvature and level displacement deformation parameters was calculated.On this basis，three schemes are evaluated and optimized by entropy weight according to the comprehensive mining technical and economic indexes.The results show that：（1）The distribution of the settlement area extends evenly and outward in a circle，and the settlement trend is consistent with the strike of ore body.According to the deformation data of 12 monitoring points of three mining schemes，the monitoring surface settlement displacement and horizontal displacement of each point are U-shaped distribution affected by the distribution rule of ore body，and the maximum deformation reaches 25 mm.（2）The displacement inclination，curvature and horizontal deformation calculated at monitoring points with dense surface buildings meet the safety requirements，and with the maximum values of 0.099 mm/m，0.17×10^-3 ·m^-1 and 0.0248 mm/m，respectively.（3）The calculated surface deformation indicators are scored by experts，and the scoring results of surface indicators and technical and economic indicators are normalized.The comprehensive evaluation index values of three different schemes are obtained in the model of entropy weight method，and the evaluation results show that plan 3 is the optimal scheme.The coupling of numerical simulation and entropy weight evaluation integrates the objective data and fuzzy evaluation，and makes scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation of different mining methods，thus putting forward new ideas and directions for the comprehensive evaluation of urban underground mines.