超声波强化重质原油破乳脱水脱钙

 摘要：以含钙量高达180 μg/g的新疆重质原油为研究对象，在实验室条件下，采用超声波破乳技术进行重质原油脱水脱钙研究。在确定破乳剂K和脱钙剂R、注水量12%(体积分数)、脱钙剂/钙摩尔比1.5︰1的条件下，考察了超声波强化破乳脱水脱钙的影响因素。结果表明，油-剂混合时的搅拌速率、超声波发生器输出电压、超声波辐照时间和超声波辐照后的沉降时间都有其最佳值。实验样品经7000 r/min搅拌速率混合均匀，经60 V超声波辐照5min，再在80℃沉降24 h后，原油含水量降低至0.64%(体积分数)，脱钙率达到37.8%，说明超声波有较好的破乳脱水和脱钙作用。

DEMULSIFICATION,DEHYDRATION AND DECALCIFICATION OF HEAVY OIL BY ULTRASOUND INTENSIFICATION

Abstract：In laboratory an ultrasonic demulsification technology was used to intensify the dehydration and decalcification of high calcium-containing heavy oil from Xinjiang, in which the calcium mass fraction was as many as 150μg/g. Under the conditions of certain demulsifier K, the molar ratio of decalcifier R to calcium in crude oil of 1.5: 1 and the water mass fraction injected of 12%, the factors affecting the demulsification, dehydration and decalcification of heavy oil, such as the stirring speed used for mixing oil and agents, the output voltage of ultrasound generator, ultrasonic irradiation time and sedimentation time after ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. The results indicated that there existed optimal values for these factors, that is, the stirring speed of 7000 r/min, the ultrasound output voltage of 60 V, the ultrasonic irradiation time of 5 min and sedimentation time of 24 h at 80℃. At the optimal experimental conditions, the final water volume fraction in the heavy oil was lowered to 0.64%, and the decalcification rate achieved 37.8%, which means that ultrasonic demulsification technology possessed good dehydration and decalcification for heavy oil.