不同二次资源中镓提取方法的研究进展

镓作为稀散金属之一, 在光纤通信、航空航天、电子技术等领域具有广阔的应用前景, 随着近几年电子产业的发展, 镓出现供不应求的局面.镓在自然界中没有独立的成矿, 由于它的某些物理化学性质同铝、铁、锌等相似, 常伴生在铝土矿、铅锌矿、煤及钛铁矿中, 因此这些矿物中的镓在湿法、火法冶金过程中得以富集在比如氧化铝生产过程中的副产物, 湿法炼锌过程中的浸出渣, 煤燃烧过程中的粉煤灰, 废弃的电子垃圾等二次资源中.随着镓需求量的逐年增加, 如何从二次资源中再生镓是当前的研究热点.文中综述二次资源中金属镓的赋存状态及提取回收的主要工艺技术, 如酸碱溶出法、水热法、溶剂萃取法、氯化挥发法、真空蒸馏富集法、还原熔融法等, 分析评价各工艺技术的分离效果和存在的问题, 以求对二次资源中提取回收镓提供参考. 

Research progress on gallium extraction from different secondary resources

As one of the rare metals, gallium enjoys vast application in the field of fiber communication, aerospace and electronic technique. Demand has far outstripped supply of gallium along with the development of the electronics industry. Gallium has no independent mineralization. Because some of its physical and chemical properties are similar to aluminum、iron and zinc etc. Gallium mainly exists in bauxite, lead zinc mine, coal and ilmenite. In the process of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes of these minerals, gallium could be enriched in the by-products of alumina production, zinc-leaching residue from zinc hydrometallurgy process, fly ash in the process of coal combustion, e-waste and so on. With the increasing demand of gallium, how to regeneration of gallium from secondary resources has attracted a lot of attention recently. The paper mainly focuses on the occurrence and recovery of gallium in these secondary resources. These methods involve alkali-acid dissolution, hydro-thermal, solvent extraction, chlorination volatilization, vacuum distillation, reduction melting, and so on. The advantages and existing problems of all these processes are analyzed and evaluated. It provides reference for the extraction and recovery of gallium from these secondary resources.